Conditions
Symptoms, diagnostic pathways and treatment options for conditions of the oesophagus, stomach, bowel, pancreas, liver and bile ducts.
GUIDEGastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
A chronic condition in which stomach contents reflux into the oesophagus, causing heartburn, regurgitation or throat symptoms.
Learn more →GUIDEBarrett’s Oesophagus
A change in the lining of the lower oesophagus associated with chronic reflux; it is not cancer but may require surveillance.
Learn more →GUIDEAchalasia
A motility disorder in which the lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, causing swallowing difficulty.
Learn more →GUIDEOesophageal Motility Disorders
A group of disorders involving weak, excessive or uncoordinated oesophageal contractions.
Learn more →GUIDEOesophageal Cancer
Cancer arising from the oesophageal lining, requiring stage-specific multidisciplinary care.
Learn more →GUIDEEosinophilic Oesophagitis
A chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the oesophagus and an important cause of dysphagia and food impaction.
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GUIDEGastritis
Inflammation or injury of the stomach lining with several possible causes.
Learn more →GUIDEGastric and Duodenal Ulcer
A deeper sore in the stomach or duodenal lining, commonly related to H. pylori or certain pain medicines.
Learn more →GUIDEHelicobacter pylori Infection
A treatable stomach infection linked to gastritis, ulcers and increased risk of some gastric cancers and lymphomas.
Learn more →GUIDEGastric Intestinal Metaplasia
A change of stomach lining cells toward an intestinal type; not cancer, but surveillance may be needed according to risk.
Learn more →GUIDEGastric Cancer
Cancer arising from the stomach, treated according to stage with endoscopic, surgical and oncological approaches.
Learn more →GUIDEGastric Polyps
Different types of growths from the stomach lining; management depends on histology and surrounding mucosal risk.
Learn more →GUIDEGastroparesis
Delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction, causing nausea, vomiting, early fullness and nutritional problems.
Learn more →GUIDEFunctional Dyspepsia
A common disorder causing upper abdominal pain, burning, early satiety or post-meal fullness without an explanatory structural lesion.
Learn more →GUIDEAtrophic Gastritis
Chronic loss of gastric glands, often related to H. pylori or autoimmune disease.
Learn more →GUIDEAutoimmune Gastritis
Chronic immune-mediated gastritis associated with B12/iron deficiency and specific long-term surveillance considerations.
Learn more →GUIDEGastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST)
A mesenchymal tumour arising from the gastrointestinal wall, most commonly in the stomach.
Learn more →GUIDEGastrointestinal Subepithelial Lesions
A heterogeneous group of lesions beneath normal mucosa, including GIST, leiomyoma, lipoma and neuroendocrine tumours.
Learn more →GUIDESmall Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
Excess or altered bacteria in the small bowel that may cause bloating, diarrhoea and malabsorption.
Learn more →GUIDECoeliac Disease
An autoimmune disease in which gluten damages the small-bowel lining and requires lifelong follow-up.
Learn more →GUIDESmall-Bowel Bleeding
Occult or overt bleeding suspected from the small bowel after standard endoscopy does not identify a source.
Learn more →GUIDESmall-Bowel Polyps and Tumours
Uncommon benign or malignant lesions that may present with anaemia, obstruction or incidental imaging findings.
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GUIDEConstipation and Defecatory Disorders
Infrequent, hard or difficult bowel movements that may reflect diet, medicines, transit or pelvic-floor disorders.
Learn more →GUIDERectal Bleeding
A symptom with causes ranging from haemorrhoids to inflammation, polyps or cancer, requiring risk-based assessment.
Learn more →GUIDEColon Polyps
Growths from the colon lining; some adenomatous or serrated polyps can progress toward cancer.
Learn more →GUIDEColorectal Cancer
Cancer of the colon or rectum; screening and polyp removal can prevent many cases.
Learn more →GUIDEInflammatory Bowel Disease
A group of chronic immune-mediated bowel diseases including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Learn more →GUIDEUlcerative Colitis
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease beginning in the rectum and potentially extending continuously through the colon.
Learn more →GUIDECrohn’s Disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract and the full bowel wall.
Learn more →GUIDEFaecal Incontinence
Loss of control over gas or stool; a medical problem with identifiable causes and treatment options.
Learn more →GUIDEDiverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Small pouches in the colon are diverticulosis; inflammation of a pouch is diverticulitis.
Learn more →GUIDEIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A disorder of gut-brain interaction involving abdominal pain and altered bowel habits without visible structural damage.
Learn more →GUIDEMicroscopic Colitis
An inflammatory colonic disorder causing chronic watery diarrhoea despite a frequently normal-appearing colonoscopy.
Learn more →GUIDEChronic Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea lasting more than four weeks with a broad differential including inflammatory, malabsorptive, medication-related and functio…
Learn more →GUIDEIschaemic Colitis
Inflammation caused by reduced blood flow to the colon, often presenting with acute abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.
Learn more →GUIDEFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
An inherited APC-related polyposis syndrome with numerous colorectal adenomas and high colorectal cancer risk.
Learn more →GUIDELynch Syndrome
An inherited mismatch-repair cancer predisposition syndrome increasing lifetime risk of colorectal and several other cancers.
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GUIDEPancreatic Cancer
Cancer arising from the pancreas that requires rapid staging and multidisciplinary care.
Learn more →GUIDEPancreatic Cysts
Fluid-filled pancreatic lesions with varying risk; many are observed while selected cysts need further evaluation or treatment.
Learn more →GUIDEAcute Pancreatitis
Sudden inflammation of the pancreas, commonly related to gallstones or alcohol but with several other causes.
Learn more →GUIDEChronic Pancreatitis
Long-term pancreatic damage that may cause pain, digestive enzyme insufficiency and diabetes.
Learn more →GUIDEPancreatic Pseudocyst and Walled-off Necrosis
Fluid or necrotic collections after pancreatitis; not every collection requires drainage.
Learn more →GUIDEPancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour (pNET)
A biologically diverse group of tumours arising from pancreatic neuroendocrine cells, functioning or non-functioning.
Learn more →GUIDEAutoimmune Pancreatitis
An immune-mediated, treatable form of pancreatitis that can mimic pancreatic cancer.
Learn more →GUIDEPancreatic Duct Stones and Strictures
Pancreatic duct obstruction from stones or strictures, often in chronic pancreatitis, potentially causing pain and recurrent attacks.
Learn more →GUIDEPancreas Divisum
A common congenital ductal variant that is usually asymptomatic but may be relevant in selected recurrent pancreatitis cases.
Learn more →GUIDEExocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Insufficient pancreatic digestive enzyme activity causing malabsorption, weight loss and nutritional deficiencies.
Learn more →GUIDELiver Cirrhosis
Advanced chronic liver damage requiring surveillance for bleeding, fluid retention, confusion and liver cancer.
Learn more →GUIDELiver Fibrosis
Scarring caused by chronic liver injury; early treatment of the cause may slow or reverse progression.
Learn more →GUIDEFocal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH)
A usually benign vascular liver lesion often found incidentally; accurate imaging can avoid unnecessary intervention.
Learn more →GUIDEMetabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Fatty liver related to metabolic risk, where assessment focuses on inflammation and fibrosis rather than fat alone.
Learn more →GUIDEViral Hepatitis B and C
Viral infections that can cause chronic liver inflammation, fibrosis and cancer risk, with effective treatment and surveillance option…
Learn more →GUIDELiver Lesions and Masses
A broad group ranging from benign cysts or haemangiomas to primary or metastatic cancer.
Learn more →GUIDEPortal Hypertension and Oesophageal Varices
Raised pressure in the portal circulation that may cause varices, splenomegaly and abdominal fluid.
Learn more →GUIDEPrimary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)
A chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease affecting small intrahepatic bile ducts.
Learn more →GUIDEAutoimmune Hepatitis
Chronic immune-mediated liver inflammation that can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated.
Learn more →GUIDEHaemochromatosis
A disorder of iron overload that can affect the liver, pancreas, heart and joints.
Learn more →GUIDEWilson Disease
A rare inherited copper metabolism disorder causing copper accumulation in the liver, brain and other tissues.
Learn more →GUIDEDrug-induced Liver Injury (DILI)
Liver injury potentially related to prescribed, over-the-counter or herbal products and requiring exclusion of other causes.
Learn more →GUIDEAlcohol-related Liver Disease
A spectrum from steatosis to hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis related to harmful alcohol exposure.
Learn more →GUIDEHepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Primary liver cancer often arising in chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, where surveillance can support earlier diagnosis.
Learn more →GUIDEGallstones and Bile-Duct Stones
Stones forming in the gallbladder that can cause pain, inflammation or migrate into the bile duct.
Learn more →GUIDEBile-Duct Obstruction
Failure of bile flow due to stone, stricture, tumour or injury, requiring timely assessment.
Learn more →GUIDEBiliary Strictures
Narrowing of the bile duct from benign injury/inflammation or malignancy, requiring coordinated diagnosis and drainage.
Learn more →GUIDEAcute Cholangitis
A potentially severe infection in an obstructed bile duct that may require urgent drainage as well as antibiotics.
Learn more →GUIDEGallstone Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis triggered by a gallstone obstructing the shared duct outlet.
Learn more →GUIDEPrimary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
A chronic cholestatic liver disease causing inflammation and multifocal bile-duct strictures, often associated with IBD.
Learn more →GUIDEGallbladder Polyps
Growths from the gallbladder lining, usually benign, with management guided by size, growth and risk features.
Learn more →GUIDEAcute Cholecystitis
Acute gallbladder inflammation, usually from cystic-duct obstruction by a gallstone.
Learn more →GUIDECholangiocarcinoma
Cancer arising from the bile ducts, potentially causing jaundice, pruritus and biliary obstruction.
Learn more →GUIDEAmpullary Lesions
Lesions of the ampulla where the bile and pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum, ranging from adenoma to cancer.
Learn more →GUIDEHiatal Hernia
Movement of part of the stomach through the diaphragmatic hiatus; it may contribute to reflux but is not always symptomatic.
Learn more →GUIDEZenker’s Diverticulum
A pouch at the pharyngo-oesophageal junction that may cause dysphagia, regurgitation and aspiration.
Learn more →GUIDEOesophageal Stricture
Narrowing of the oesophagus from reflux, inflammation, treatment or other causes, often causing solid-food dysphagia.
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